spongillafly any of a group of insects (order Neuroptera) that are smoky brown in colour and ...
spongin (from the article "sponge") A few members of the Demospongiae (e.g., Oscarella ,
spongocoel (from the article "sponge") ...is at first characterized by choanocytes that surround fingerlike projections of the sponge wall. Water ...
Spongospora subterranea (from the article "Plasmodiophoromycota") Plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot of cabbage and related plants. Spongospora subterranea causes powdery scab of ...
spongy parenchyma (from the article "angiosperm") ...tissue system, the mesophyll, is divided into two regions: the palisade parenchyma, located beneath the ...
spontaneous combustion the outbreak of fire without application of heat from an external source. Spontaneous combustion may ...
spontaneous emission (from the article "radiation") ...Light emission from an excited state to the ground state depends on the number of ...
spontaneous fission type of radioactive decay in which certain unstable nuclei of heavier elements split into two ... [3 Related Articles]
spontaneous generation the hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter; also, the archaic theory ... [11 Related Articles]
spontaneous innovation (from the article "technology, history of") ...from the long-established civilizations of the ancient world, with Egypt and Mesopotamia as the two ...
spontaneous order (from the article "Hayek, F.A.") In composing a final set of arguments against socialism, Hayek made a distinction between "spontaneous ...
spontaneous pneumothorax (from the article "pneumothorax") Spontaneous pneumothorax is the passage of air into the pleural sac from an abnormal connection ...
Spontini, Gaspare Italian composer and conductor whose early operas, notably his masterpiece, La vestale (1807), represent the ... [1 Related Articles]
spoofing (from the article "warning system") ...receivers can be used to detect and locate enemy radio. Enemy radars can be located ...
spookfish any of about 11 species of small marine fishes constituting the family Opisthoproctidae (order Salmoniformes), ...
spool valve (from the article "valve") In hydrostatic fluid-power systems, in which the working medium is usually pressurized oil, spool valves ...
spoon an implement consisting of a small, shallow, bowl-shaped receptacle supported by a handle, used for ... [1 Related Articles]
Spoon River river in west-central Illinois, U.S. It rises at the confluence of the West Fork Spoon ...
Spoon, Mark German disc jockey and musician (b. Nov. 27, 1966, Frankfurt, W.Ger.-d. Jan. 11, 2006, Berlin, ...
spoonbill any member of six species of long-legged wading birds that constitute the subfamily Plataleinae of ... [1 Related Articles]
Spooner Act (from the article "Spooner, John") ...Allison of Iowa, and Orville H. Platt of Connecticut, he formed a core of conservative ...
Spooner Amendment congressional amendment to the Army Appropriations Act of 1901 that called for the end of ...
Spooner, John U.S. senator from Wisconsin (1885-91; 1897-1907), a powerful conservative force in his state and in ...
Spooner, William Archibald (from the article "spoonerism") ..."I have a half-warmed fish in my mind" (for "half-formed wish") and "a blushing crow" ...
spoonerism reversal of the initial letters or syllables of two or more words, such as "I ...
spoonworm any member of the invertebrate phylum Echiura, also known as Echiuroidea, or Echiurida. Nearly all ... [2 Related Articles]
spoor (from the article "sensory reception, human") ...the strength of an odour by affecting the volatility and therefore the emission of odorous ...
Sporades group of Greek islands in the Aegean Sea, lying northeast of Euboea (Evvoia) island, including ...
sporadic disease (from the article "genetic disease, human") Although at least 90 percent of all cancers are sporadic, meaning that they do not ...
sporadic E (from the article "ionosphere and magnetosphere") ...This can lead to a bunching of ionization-a local enhancement of the electron density. The ...
sporadic meteor (from the article "meteor and meteoroid") ...observed to explode in the sky). When meteor rates increase significantly above normal, the phenomenon ...
sporangiophore (from the article "Equisetopsida") ...reproductive shoots. In these species the strobilate branches appear first, and, after the spores are ...
sporangiospore (from the article "bacteria") ...surround the resting cell. The filamentous actinomycetes produce reproductive spores of two categories: conidiospores, which ...
sporangium (from the article "bryophyte") ...by the gametophyte. The water and nutrients enter the developing sporophyte through the tissue at ...
Sporazum (from the article "Croatia") ...in Croatia and Dalmatia. Faced with such evidence of popular support for the opposition program, ...
spore a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with another reproductive ... [13 Related Articles]
spore mother cell (from the article "plant development") The sporophytes of all vascular plants produce cells called spore mother cells-since they will give ...
sporeling (from the article "bryophyte") In most liverworts and hornworts, the protonema is usually limited to a short unbranched filament ...
Sporidiales (from the article "fungus") ...mycelia lack clamp connections; septate basidia; example genera include Leucosporidiella , Leucosporidium , and Mastigobasidium . Order Sporidiales Nonpathogenic; ...
sporinite (from the article "Petrologic components in coal and their groupings") ...from waxy or resinous plant parts, such as cuticles, spores, and wound resins. Their reflectance ...
Sporobolomyces (from the article "basidiocarp") ...be 1.6 m (5.25 feet) long, 1.35 m broad, and 24 cm (9.5 inches) high, ...
sporogony (from the article "protist") ...in a short period of time. Modes of such multiple fission range from budding, in ...
sporophore (from the article "fungus") ...made it possible to recognize and identify the great variety of fungal species living on ...
sporophyll (from the article "cycadophyte") Cycads are universally dioecious. Male plants produce pollen by leaf homologues called microsporophylls, and female ...
sporophyte in certain plants and algae, nonsexual phase (or an individual representing the phase) in the ... [19 Related Articles]
sporophytic self-incompatibility (from the article "angiosperm") To prevent self-fertilization, many angiosperms have developed a chemical system of self-incompatibility. The most common ...
sporopollenin (from the article "angiosperm") ...two layers, the intine and the exine. The intine, or inner layer, consists primarily of ...
sporotrichosis subacute or chronic infection by the fungus Sporotrichum, or Sporothrix, schenckii , usually characterized by a ... [1 Related Articles]
Sporotrichum schenckii (from the article "sporotrichosis") subacute or chronic infection by the fungus Sporotrichum, or Sporothrix, schenckii , usually characterized by a ...
sporozoite (from the article "malaria") ...mosquitoes, which feed on human blood in order to nourish their own eggs. While taking ...
sport parachute (from the article "kite") ...delta require a rigid framework fitted with a sail material, as does the compound, which ...
sport utility vehicle (from the article "Business Overview") ...signs of recovery in 2005, began 2006 with hopes for continued improvement. Instead, it posted ...
sporting breed (from the article "Dog breeds and their places of origin") These are dogs that scent and either point, flush, or retrieve birds on land and ...
Sporting Lisbon (from the article "Football") In the UEFA Cup final on May 18, Sporting Lisbon had home-ground advantage in its ...
sporting record (from the article "baseball") Baseball records have long provided benchmarks of individual achievements. No individual accomplishment possesses more drama ...
sportive lemur (from the article "lemur") There are at least 10 species of sportive lemurs (family Megaladapidae) that live throughout Madagascar ...
sports physical contests pursued for the goals and challenges they entail. Sports are part of every ... [21 Related Articles]
sports acrobatics (from the article "gymnastics") Sports acrobatics has been contested internationally since 1973. In 1998 the International Federation of Sports ...
sports aerobics (from the article "gymnastics") The final discipline sanctioned by the FIG is sports aerobics. Aerobics exercise has been a ...
sports car (from the article "sports-car racing") ...form they do not resemble Grand Prix (Formula One) racing machines. Whereas the latter is ...
sports medicine medical and paramedical supervision of athletes in training and in competition and the treatment of ...
sports psychology (from the article "sports") Although a book titled Psychologie des sports ("Psychology of Sports") was published ...
Sports, Book of order issued by King James I of England for use in Lancashire to resolve a ... [1 Related Articles]
sports-car racing form of motor racing involving cars built to combine aspects of racing and touring cars. ... [1 Related Articles]
sportswear (from the article "Blass, Bill") Building upon the innovations of European designers such as Coco Chanel, Blass made clothes that ...
sporulation (from the article "bacteria") Many environmental bacteria are able to produce stable dormant, or resting, forms as a branch ...
sporysh (from the article "Slavic religion") In a series of Belorussian songs a divine figure enters the homes of the peasants ...
spot (from the article "plant disease") Examination of leaves is usually considered to be the best starting point in diagnosis. The ...
SPOT (from the article "space exploration") ...to private operators. Despite two decades of attempts at such a transfer, Landsat remained a ...
spot meter (from the article "motion-picture technology") ...subject of interest, to eliminate the effect of the background. This is also the case ...
spot price (from the article "futures") ...for hedging and that hedgers pay a risk premium to speculators for assuming risk. The ...
spot welding (from the article "automation") In robotic processing operations, the robot manipulates a tool to perform a process on the ...
spot-exchange market (from the article "futures") For a better understanding of the process involved, the distinctive features of the cash market ...
spotfin mojarra (from the article "mojarra") ...mouths, with the opened jaws forming an extended tube. Although their maximum length is about ...
spotlight device used to produce intense illumination in a well-defined area in stage, film, television, ballet, ... [2 Related Articles]
Spoto, Donald (from the article "Fashions") ...Drake's comprehensive account of the 1970s Paris fashion scene. It focused on the rivalry between ...
Spotswood, Alexander one of the first British colonial governors of North America to appreciate the economic value ... [2 Related Articles]
Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of (May 8-19, 1864), Union failure to smash or outflank Confederate forces defending Richmond, Virginia, during ... [4 Related Articles]
spotted antbird (from the article "social behaviour in animals") ...catch insects flushed by the ants, the big ocellated antbird (Phaenostictus mcleannani ) is dominant, the ...
spotted bowerbird (from the article "bowerbird") ...overarching, on a circular mat of twigs. Avenues are made by the satin bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus ...
spotted calla lily (from the article "calla") ...commercially for cut flowers. The golden, or yellow, calla lily (Z. elliottiana ), with more heart-shaped ...
spotted coralroot (from the article "coralroot") The spotted coralroot (Corallorhiza maculata ), found throughout most of the United States, has several varieties. ...
spotted crake (from the article "crake") ...in which the bill is short and conical. The name is chiefly European but can ...
spotted cucumber beetle (from the article "cucumber beetle") The striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittata ) has two black stripes on each wing cover (elytron), ...
spotted cuscus (from the article "cuscus") Cuscuses range from Celebes to the Solomon islands and northern Australia. In the spotted cuscus ...
spotted dove (from the article "turtledove") ...that now has feral New World populations in California and Florida; it is sometimes given ...
spotted duckbill ray (from the article "stingray") ...temperate coastal waters. They have very long, slim tails and, unlike other rays, have heads ...
spotted linsang (from the article "viverrid") The smallest member of the viverrid family is the spotted linsang (Prionodon ...
spotted orchid (from the article "Dactylorhiza") All species were formerly included in the genus Dactylorchis. The marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza incarnata ), elder-flowered ...
spotted owl (from the article "wood owl") The spotted owl (S. occidentalis ), of western North America, spotted above and barred beneath, is ...
spotted pardalote (from the article "pardalote") ...[Pardalotus striatus ] does not). All pardalotes are tiny and stub-tailed. Pardalotes glean ...
spotted redshank (from the article "redshank") ...in Iceland, Britain, much of Europe, the Middle East, and temperate Asia (to 4,500 metres, ...
spotted sandpiper (from the article "sandpiper") ...grassy shores of lakes and rivers throughout Eurasia, and it winters from Africa to Australia ...
spotted sea hare (from the article "sea hare") ...flat plate, prominent tentacles (resembling rabbit ears), and a smooth or warty body. Sea hares ...
spotted sea trout (from the article "weakfish") The spotted sea trout (C. nebulosus ), found along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts ...
spotted skunk (from the article "skunk") Spotted skunks (genus Spilogale ) live from southwestern Canada to Costa Rica. Except for a white ...
spotted slate (from the article "metamorphic rock") ...(slaty cleavage) is slate (see photograph). Such rocks are normally rich in micas and chlorites. ...
spotted snake eel (from the article "snake eel") ...The tail of the snake eel is pointed and sharp compared with the flattened tail ...
Spotted Tail chief of the Brule Teton Indians and, briefly, the Oglala Sioux who sought compromise and ...
spotted tinamou (from the article "tinamou") ...becomes a pest in agricultural areas by using its strong bill to dig up the ...
spotted turtle small freshwater turtle (family Emydidae) found from southern Canada to the southern and central United ...
spotted wilt (from the article "wilt") Spotted wilt, caused by a virus, is transmitted by the larvae of several species of ...
spotted-limb borer (from the article "branch and twig borer") ...Psoinae) differ from the bostrichids in having a large head that is visible from above. ...
spotted-tailed native cat (from the article "native cat") ...of tropical regions is generally smaller, as is the New Guinea native cat (D. albopunctatus ), ...
spotting (from the article "Blasis, Carlo") ...statue of Mercury; in this, the dancer's working leg is raised and extended to the ...
Sprague, Kate Chase daughter of Abraham Lincoln's secretary of the treasury, Salmon Chase; while continually attempting to advance ...
sprain overstretching or tearing of fibres in one or more of the ligaments that support a ... [1 Related Articles]
Spranger, Bartholomaeus Antwerp painter noted for his paintings of nudes executed in the late Mannerist style. In ... [1 Related Articles]
Spranger, Eduard German educator and philosopher. He served as professor of philosophy in Leipzig (1911-20), Berlin (1920-45), ...
Sprat, Thomas English man of letters, bishop of Rochester and dean of Westminster. A prose stylist, wit, ... [1 Related Articles]
Spratling, William American designer and architect, who spent more than 30 years in Mexico developing and promoting ... [1 Related Articles]
Spratly Islands group of reefs in the South China Sea, located midway between Vietnam and the Philippines ... [1 Related Articles]
spray (from the article "floral decoration") Sprays are large, flat bouquets of long-stem plant material. They are either carried or placed ...
spray (from the article "Sun")
spray dryer (from the article "dairy product") Spray dryers are more commonly used since they do less heat damage and produce more ...
spray gun (from the article "pneumatic device") Compressed air is a good vehicle for conveying a paint spray. In a spray gun, ...
spray roasting (from the article "advanced ceramics") Spray roasting involves spray atomization of solutions of water-soluble salts into a heated chamber. The ...
spray-and-chip seal (from the article "roads and highways") ...friction, generating minimal noise in urban areas, and giving suitable light reflectance for night-time driving. ...
spraying and dusting in agriculture, the standard methods of applying pest-control chemicals and other compounds. In spraying, the ... [1 Related Articles]
spraying characin (from the article "characin") ...of South America. They range from 2.5 to 152 cm (1 inch to 5 feet) ...
spread (from the article "landslide") A spread is the complex lateral movement of relatively coherent earth materials resting on a ...
spread footing (from the article "soil mechanics") ...distribution that is not properly matched to the characteristics of the soil may result in ...
spread-spectrum multiple access (from the article "telecommunication") CDMA is sometimes referred to as spread-spectrum multiple access (SSMA), because the process of multiplying ...
spread-squeak behaviour (from the article "animal behaviour") The common grackle demonstrates a transitional activity in the form of a threat behaviour termed ...
spreading (from the article "clothing and footwear industry") Cutting involves three basic operations: making the marker, spreading the fabric, and chopping the spread ...
spreading centre (from the article "ocean") ...of a number of rigid plates that are in continual motion. The boundaries between the ...
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