A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0-9 Ibn al-Muqaffa' ... ice fishing Ibn al-Muqaffa' (from the article "Arabic literature") ...and worked in the various offices of the court translated works into Arabic. A major ... Ibn al-Raqa (from the article "Jahwarid dynasty") ...(reigned 1043-58) managed through political chicanery to keep the 'Abbadids of Sevilla (Seville) out of ... Ibn al-Rumi (from the article "Arabic literature") ...of all eras are filled with elegies of rulers and important figures. A particular topic ... Ibn an-Nadim (from the article "Islamic arts") ...the art of papermaking from the Chinese. Henceforth, cheap writing material was available, and literary ... Ibn an-Nafis Arab physician who first described the pulmonary circulation of the blood. In finding that the ... [1 Related Articles] Ibn ash-Shatir (from the article "mathematics") ...projections of the sphere, and al-Biruni invented such a projection that could be used to ... Ibn Babawayh Islamic theologian, author of one of the "Four Books" that are the basic authorities for ... Ibn Battutah in full Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad Ibn 'abd Allah Al-lawati At-tanji Ibn Battutah the greatest ... [6 Related Articles] Ibn Da'ud (from the article "Islamic arts") ...'udhri ("'Udhrah love")-the lover would rather die than achieve union with his beloved-was expounded by ... ibn Daud, Abraham ben David Halevi also called Rabad I physician and historian who was the first Jewish philosopher to draw ... [3 Related Articles] Ibn Durayd in full Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Al-hasan Al-azdi Ibn Durayd Arab philologist who wrote a ... ibn Ezra, Abraham ben Meir poet, grammarian, traveller, Neoplatonic philosopher, and astronomer, best known as a biblical exegete whose commentaries ... [4 Related Articles] ibn Ezra, Moses Hebrew poet and critic, one of the finest poets of the golden age of Spanish ... [3 Related Articles] Ibn Falaquera Spanish-born Jewish philosopher and translator who propagated a reconciliation between Jewish Orthodoxy and philosophy and ... Ibn Faraj (from the article "Spain") ...al-Ramadi, Sa'id of Baghdad, al-Taliq, and numerous others-this occasional poetry sometimes attained literary heights. In ... Ibn Gabirol one of the outstanding figures of the Hebrew school of religious and secular poetry during ... [8 Related Articles] Ibn Haukal (from the article "map") ...Europe's Dark Ages Islamic and Chinese cartography made progress. The Arabs translated Ptolemy's treatises and ... Ibn Hayyan (from the article "Spain") ...of Spain") by Ibn al-Qutiyyah, date back to the 10th century. In the Ibn Hazm Muslim litterateur, historian, jurist, and theologian of Islamic Spain, famed for his literary productivity, breadth ... [5 Related Articles] Ibn Hisham (from the article "Ibn Ishaq") in full Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Yasar Ibn Khiyar Arab biographer of the Prophet Muhammad ... Ibn Hithlayn (from the article "Ikhwan") A congress convened by Ibn Sa'ud in October 1928 deposed Ibn Humayd, ad-Dawish, and Ibn ... Ibn Humayd (from the article "Ikhwan") A congress convened by Ibn Sa'ud in October 1928 deposed Ibn Humayd, ad-Dawish, and Ibn ... Ibn Ishaq in full Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Yasar Ibn Khiyar Arab biographer of the Prophet Muhammad ... [2 Related Articles] Ibn Jahhaf (from the article "Cid, the") ...Valencia and its ruler, al-Qadir, now his tributary. His moment of destiny came in October ... Ibn Jami' (from the article "Islamic arts") ...of embellishments, and Arabian classicism, characterized by simplicity and artistic severity. The Mawsilis represented the ... Ibn Janah perhaps the most important medieval Hebrew grammarian and lexicographer. Known as the founder of the ... [2 Related Articles] Ibn Jubayr in full Abu Al-husayn Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Jubayr Spanish Muslim known for a book ... [3 Related Articles] Ibn Kathir in full 'imad Ad-din Isma'il Ibn 'umar Ibn Kathir Muslim theologian and historian who became ... Ibn Khafajah (from the article "Islamic arts") ...colleague in Aleppo, as-Sanawbari (died 945), a classic exponent of the descriptive style. This style ... Ibn Khaldun the greatest Arab historian, who developed one of the earliest nonreligious philosophies of history, contained ... [8 Related Articles] Ibn Khallikan Muslim judge and author of a classic Arabic biographical dictionary. Ibn Khallikan studied in Irbil, ... [1 Related Articles] Ibn Killis (from the article "Egypt") ...Several Copts held the highest administrative post-the vizierate-without changing their religion. Jews also figured prominently ... Ibn Majah (from the article "'ilm al-hadith") ...arranged by matn-those of al-Bukhari (d. 870), Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (d. 875), Abu Da'ud (d. ... Ibn Masarrah (from the article "Islam") ...from the Greek philosophers) translated into Arabic. It represented an attempt to bridge the gulf ... Ibn Misjah (from the article "Islamic arts") ...prominent musicians were Arab by birth or acculturation, but the alien element continued to play ... Ibn Miskawayh in full Abu 'Ali Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'qub Ibn Miskawayh Persian scientist, philosopher, and ... [1 Related Articles] Ibn Muhriz (from the article "Islamic arts") ...In the 8th century Yunus al-Katib, author of the first Arabic book of musical theory, ... Ibn Mujahid (from the article "Qur'an") ...in orthography, vocalization, and pronunciation. There were also different interpretations of some verses, which naturally ... Ibn Muqlah in full Abu 'ali Muhammad Ibn 'ali Ibn Muqlah one of the foremost calligraphers of ... [2 Related Articles] Ibn Qutaybah writer of adab literature-that is, of literature exhibiting wide secular erudition-and also of theology, philology, ... [5 Related Articles] Ibn Quzman (from the article "Islamic arts") ...strophic form developed in Spain is the songlike zajal (melody), interesting for its embodiment of ... Ibn Rashid (from the article "Ibn Sa'ud") The Sa'uds ruled much of Arabia from 1780 to 1880; but, while Ibn Sa'ud was ... Ibn Rashiq (from the article "Arabic literature") ...("correct style"), including such topics as grammatical accuracy and plagiarism. Al-'Askari's work was carried on ... Ibn Sa'd (from the article "Muhammad") ...works is the Kitab al-maghazi of al-Waqidi (747-823). The Ibn Sa'ud in full 'abd Al-'aziz Ibn 'abd Ar-rahman Ibn Faysal Ibn Turki 'abd Allah Ibn Muhammad ... [10 Related Articles] ibn Shem Tov, Joseph ben Shem Tov Jewish philosopher and Castilian court physician who attempted to mediate the disdain shown for philosophy ... Ibn Shuhayd (from the article "Spain") In Arab literature, poetry possesses greater vitality than prose. Even so, there are several prose ... Ibn Surayj (from the article "Islamic arts") ...al-Katib, author of the first Arabic book of musical theory, compiled the first collection of ... Ibn Taymiyyah one of Islam's most forceful theologians who, as a member of the Pietist school founded ... [8 Related Articles] ibn Tibbon, Jacob ben Machir French Jewish physician, translator, and astronomer whose work was utilized by Copernicus and Dante. He ... ibn Tibbon, Judah ben Saul Jewish physician and translator of Jewish Arabic-language works into Hebrew; he was also the progenitor ... ibn Tibbon, Moses ben Samuel Jewish physician like his father, Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon, and his paternal grandfather, Judah ... ibn Tibbon, Samuel ben Judah Jewish translator and physician whose most significant achievement was an accurate and faithful rendition from ... [1 Related Articles] Ibn Tufayl in full Muhammad Ibn 'abd Al-malik Ibn Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Tufayl Al-qaysi, also called ... [3 Related Articles] Ibn Tumart Berber spiritual and military leader who founded the al-Muwahhidun confederation in North Africa (see Almohads). ... [5 Related Articles] Ibn Verga, Solomon (from the article "Judaism") That the Almighty himself was not quite omnipotent, at least with respect to the fate ... Ibn Wahb (from the article "Kharijite") ...other, fight against that which rebels" (49:9). A small number of these pietists withdrew (kharaju) ... Ibn Wahshiyah Middle Eastern agriculturist and toxicologist alleged to have written al-Fillahah an-Nabatiyah ("Nabatean Agriculture"), a major ... Ibn Yunus (from the article "eclipse") ...or a bright star (for a lunar obscuration). These altitude measurements were later converted to ... Ibn Zaydun (from the article "Islamic arts") ...internal rhymes, and, embodying some popular expressions in the poem's final section, soon achieved a ... Ibn Zayla (from the article "Islamic arts") ...as the theory of sound, intervals, genres and systems, composition, rhythm, and instruments, as did ... Ibn Zuhr one of medieval Islam's foremost thinkers and the greatest medical clinician of the western caliphate. ibogaine hallucinogenic drug and the principal iboga alkaloid, found in the stems, leaves, and especially in ... [1 Related Articles] Iboundji, Mount (from the article "Chaillu Massif") ...rivers and forms the country's main watershed. The range contains Mount Milondo (3,346 feet [1,020 ... Ibrahim (from the article "Gama, Vasco da") ...reaching the port of Sofala in East Africa on June 14. After calling briefly at ... Ibrahim Ottoman sultan whose unstable character made him prey to the ambitions of his ministers and ... [2 Related Articles] Ibrahim 'Adil Shah II (from the article "'Adil Shahi Dynasty") The dynasty's greatest period was during the reign of Ibrahim 'Adil Shah II (1579-1626), who ... Ibrahim al-Haqilani Latinized form Abraham Ecchellensis Maronite Catholic scholar noted for his Arabic translation of books of ... Ibrahim al-Imam (from the article "Hashimiyah") In the hands of Muhammad and his successor Ibrahim al-Imam (c. 701-749), the Hashimiyah became ... Ibrahim al-Mawsili (from the article "Islamic arts") ...experience, and mathematical speculation. The artist was required to possess technical proficiency, creative power, and ... Ibrahim ibn Adham (from the article "Islam") ...experience. A variation of the Buddha legend has been transferred onto the person of the ... Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab (from the article "Islamic world") ...prominent members of a family of Buddhist converts, the Barmakids, he found them such rivals ... Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi (from the article "Islamic arts") ...by simplicity and artistic severity. The Mawsilis represented the older classical tradition; the proponents of ... Ibrahim ibn Muhammad (from the article "Ziyadid Dynasty") ...'Abbasid control, and, when the Banu Ya'fur-the pre-Islamic nobility-set up an independent dynasty there in ... Ibrahim ibn Sinan (from the article "mathematics") However, not only arithmetic and algebra but geometry too underwent extensive development. Thabit ibn Qurrah, ... Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub (from the article "Prague") ...and Boleslav I, whose reign (c. 936-967) witnessed the consolidation of power against a German ... Ibrahim Index for African Governance (from the article "Mauritius") ...losses for both industries. The country was recognized for its strong record on human rights, ... Ibrahim Katkhuda (from the article "'Ali Bey") 'Ali Bey was an enslaved Caucasian who was made a gift to Ibrahim Katkhuda, an ... Ibrahim Lodi last Afghan sultan of Delhi of the Lodi dynasty, a suspicious tyrant who increasingly alienated ... [5 Related Articles] Ibrahim Muteferrika Ottoman diplomat known for his contributions to the 18th-century reform movement in the Ottoman Empire; ... Ibrahim Pasa Ottoman grand vizier (1523-36) who played a decisive role in diplomatic and military events during ... [1 Related Articles] Ibrahim Pasa (from the article "Safiye Sultan") ...of the heir to the throne), and after 1595 as valide sultan, she wielded great ... Ibrahim Pasa (from the article "Nedim, Ahmed") The son of a judge, Nedim was brought up as a religious scholar and teacher ... Ibrahim Pasha viceroy (vali) of Egypt under Ottoman rule and a general of outstanding ability. [9 Related Articles] Ibrahim Pasha, mosque of (from the article "Hufuf, Al-") ...stables. The agricultural, veterinary, education, and management faculties of King Faysal University are located near ... Ibrahim Qutb Shah (from the article "India") ...its intervention in Golconda politics through encouragement to the rebel Nayakas under Krishna Deva Raya ... Ibrahim Sharqi (from the article "India") Meanwhile, the neighbouring kingdom of Jaunpur developed into a power equal to Delhi during the ... Ibrahim Zakiyul Kalbi (from the article "Katagum") town and traditional emirate, Bauchi State, northern Nigeria, on the north bank of the Jamaare ... Ibrahim, Anwar bin In August 2008 veteran Malaysian politician and moderate Islamist Anwar bin Ibrahim, the main opposition ... [3 Related Articles] Ibrahim, Karam (from the article "Wrestling") In Greco-Roman competition, Russia claimed the unofficial team title with four medals, followed by Turkey ... Ibrahim, Sun'Allah (from the article "Literature") ...books was Nawal Sa'dawi's Suqut al-imam (1987; The Fall of the Imam, 2002). The action ... Ibrahim, Wadi (from the article "Mecca") Mecca is situated at an elevation of 909 feet (277 metres) above sea level in ... Ibrahimi, Ahmed Taleb (from the article "Algeria") ...was generally accepted as reflecting popular choice. In the run-up to the elections, the complex ... Ibrow, Salim Aliyow (from the article "Somalia") ...under President Abdiqassim Salad Hassan was barely functioning in 2007; a new transitional government comprised ... Ibsen, Henrik major Norwegian playwright of the late 19th century who introduced to the European stage a ... [13 Related Articles] Ibshihi, Al- (from the article "encyclopaedia") ...al-a'sha ("The Dawn for the Blind"), that covered geography, political history, natural history, zoology, mineralogy, ... Ibuka, Masaru Japanese businessman (b. April 11, 1908, Nikko, Japan--d. Dec. 19, 1997, Tokyo), was the cofounder ... [1 Related Articles] ibuprofen nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of minor pain, fever, and inflammation. Like aspirin, ... [3 Related Articles] Ibuse Masuji Japanese novelist noted for sharp but sympathetic short portraits of the foibles of ordinary people. [2 Related Articles] Ibycus Greek lyric poet, one of the nine lyric poets in the official list, or canon, ... Ica (from the article "Native American art") Closely related to, and extending from, the Nazca work is the art of the Ica ... Ica city, southern Peru. It is located about 30 miles (48 km) from the Pacific Ocean ... Icadyptes salasi (from the article "Life Sciences") Two new fossil penguin species-a 1.5-m (5-ft) giant penguin, Icadyptes salasi, and a smaller species, ... Icahn, Carl C. (from the article "Trans World Airlines, Inc.") ...sold TWA to the public in 1984 in the course of defending itself against a ... ICANN nonprofit private organization incorporated in California on Sept. 18, 1998, and tasked with taking over ... [3 Related Articles] Icarian (from the article "Cabet, Etienne") ...Seeking to put his ideas into practice, he and several hundred followers landed in New ... Icarius (from the article "Erigone") in Greek mythology, daughter of Icarius, the hero of the Attic deme (township) of Icaria. ... Icarosaurus (from the article "Triassic Period") Some of the earliest lizards may have been the first vertebrates to take to the ... Icarus (from the article "Icarus") in Greek mythology, son of the inventor Daedalus who perished by flying too near the ... Icarus asteroid that has a more eccentric orbit and also approaches nearer the Sun (within 30 ... Icaza, Jorge Ecuadorean novelist and playwright whose brutally realistic portrayals of the exploitation of his country's Indians ... [1 Related Articles] ice solid substance produced by the freezing of water vapour or liquid water. At temperatures below ... [32 Related Articles] ice age any geologic period during which thick ice sheets cover vast areas of land. Such periods ... [7 Related Articles] ice albedo feedback (from the article "global warming") Another important positive climate feedback is the so-called ice albedo feedback. This feedback arises from ... ice bug any of approximately 25 species of rare and primitive insects found in the mountains of ... [3 Related Articles] ice cap (from the article "Water masses at the Earth's surface") ...and are treated here in terms of their sources: ice shelves with ice sheets, piedmont ... ice cave cavity in ice or an underground cave that has permanent ice deposits. The two types ... ice colour (from the article "dye") ...of ingrain dyeing, whereby the dye is synthesized within the fabric (see above Dyeing techniques: Azo ... ice core long cylinder of glacial ice recovered by drilling through glaciers in Greenland, Antarctica, and high ... [6 Related Articles] ice cream frozen dairy food made from cream or butterfat, milk, sugar, and flavourings. Frozen custard and ... [1 Related Articles] ice crystal (from the article "Ice crystal shape and temperature at formation") ...falls below the dew point, upon which the air becomes supersaturated such that water vapour ... Ice Cube (from the article "gangsta rap") In Oakland, Too $hort had become a major regional force, and his profane and sexually ... ice dam (from the article "ice in lakes and rivers") ...larger, deeper rivers, frazil produced in upstream reaches may be carried downstream and be transported ... ice dancing (from the article "Ice Skating") Russia scored another pair of Olympic gold medals when Tatyana Totmyanina and Maksim Marinin beat ... ice draft (from the article "sea ice") ...the edge. Together, the Beaufort Gyre and Transpolar Drift strongly influence the Arctic Ocean ice ... ice fishing (from the article "fishing") Ice fishing through holes cut in frozen lakes is particularly popular in the northeastern United ...

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